<p>The Norton House is a historic house located in northern Swansea, Massachusetts.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>It is a -story, wood-framed house, with a typical Georgian five-bay wide front facade and a large central chimney. Its main entrance, centered on the front facade, has sidelight windows and is topped by a Federal period elliptical fan. Built in about 1779, it is one of the older well-preserved houses in northern Swansea. In the early 20th century, it was owned by Benjamin Norton, part owner of a jewelry manufacturing business in nearby Barneyville.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on February 16, 1990.</p><br>
<p>The Norton Center Historic District is a historic district encompassing the town center and adjacent Wheaton College campus in Norton, Massachusetts. It includes the town&#39;s major civic buildings, as well as its oldest surviving house, in a spacious New England town center organized around the town common at the junction of Massachusetts Routes 123 and 140. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The town of Norton was settled in the 1660s, but did not incorporate until 1711. Colonial laws at the time required the town to build a residence for a minister as a condition of incorporation: the towns first parsonage, built in 1710 to enable incorporation, still stands facing the town common. Two churches, both originating in the towns first Congregationalist organization, also stand facing the common. The town library, built in 1888, was a gift from the locally prominent Wheaton family. The house of Laban Wheaton, its best-known member, now serves as the official residence of the president of Wheaton College. That school was founded in 1834 as a women&#39;s school, and was where pioneering female educator Mary Lyon taught before founding Mount Holyoke College.</p><br>
<p>The historic districts principal focal point is the triangular town common, bounded by East and West Main Street and Mansfield Street, with Taunton Street extending southward. The common is actually near the western end of the district, because the campus of Wheaton College extends to the east on the south side of East Main Street. The eastern end of the district is a cluster of buildings at the junction of East Main Street with Elm and Pine Streets. The districts modern intrusions include a post office building, and relatively non-descript college buildings, the latter of which generally do not intrude on the street view.</p><br>
<p>The Nathan Read House is a historic house located at 506 North Main Street in Fall River, Massachusetts.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The house was built in 1845 by Nathan Read, owner of Nathan Read & Co., a retailer selling outerwear. It is part of a cluster Greek Revival houses built on North Main Street after the Great 1843 fire that destroyed much of downtown Fall River. Although it does not have the Greek temple front of some, it has a three-bay wide facade with fully pedimented gable, paneled corner pilasters, and an entrance portico supported by Ionic columns.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 16, 1983.</p><br>
<p>Quequechan Valley Mills Historic District is a historic district located on Quequechan, Jefferson, and Stevens Streets between Interstate-195 and Denver Street in Fall River, Massachusetts. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Quequechan Valley Mills Historic District represents the last major area of textile mills developed in Fall River from the late 1890s into the early 1900s. The mills here are typically much wider than those built in other parts of the city during the 1870s.</p><br>
<p>In 2009 and 2010, three of the mills in the district were demolished to make way for commercial development, including Hargraves Mill No. 2 (formerly Quaker Fabric), Parker Mills and Barnaby Mills (formerly Frito-Lay and Quality Outlets).</p><br>
<h2>Mills</h2><br>
<p>The contributing properties include:</p><br>
<p>Arkwright Mill No. 1 (1897); with detached mill office</p><br>
<p>Barnaby Mills (1893); (demolished 2010)</p><br>
<p>Davis Mills No. 1 & 2 (1902 & 1908); with detached mill office</p><br>
<p>Hargraves Mill No. 2 (demolished 2009)</p><br>
<p>Parker Mills (demolished 2009)</p><br>
<p>Stevens Mills; two mills remain (two mills demolished in 2000s, one destroyed by fire in 1990s)</p><br>
<p>Pocasset Firehouse No. 7 is a historic former fire station in Fall River, Massachusetts. Built in 1873, it is one of four extant firehouses within the city designed by Boston architects Hartwell & Swasey in the Ruskinian Gothic style. The others include the Quequechan No. 1 on Prospect Street, the Massasoit No. 5 on Freedom Street, the Anawan No. 6 Firehouse on North Main Street.</p><br>
<p>In 1895, an extension was built on the west side of the main structure to accommodate of a hook and ladder truck. A portion of the building was used as a police station. The Pocasset Firehouse was built to serve the Flint Village section of the city. It operated as a fire station until 1988, when the Flint Reney/Eastwood Fire Station opened on Eastern Avenue.</p><br>
<p>The station was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. It now privately owned, and occupied by Baker Sign Works.</p><br>
<p>The Pine Street School is a historic former school building located at 880 Pine Street in Fall River, Massachusetts. The wood-framed school was built in 1876 in the Italianate style. It was built in a particularly restrained style after complaints were made about the cost associated with the elaborate decorations of the Border City School . It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. At that time, it was the oldest school building in the city still in use. It was converted into apartments in the late 1980s.</p><br>
<p>The Capt. Mial Pierce Farm is a historic farm at 177 Hornbine Road in Rehoboth, Massachusetts. The central element of this farm complex is a -story wood-frame house built c. 1800, probably by Mial Pierce, a local militia captain in the American Revolutionary War, who is buried in a family plot on the property. The house is a Cape style cottage, which originally had a central chimney . There are two service ells dating to the 19th century. The complex includes a number of 19th century farm-related outbuildings.</p><br>
<p>The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>The Old Weir Stove Company was an historic industrial facility located on West Water Street in Weir Village, Taunton, Massachusetts. The factory consisted of a series of connected brick buildings, located between West Water Street and the west bank of the Taunton River. The factory was built in 1902 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. It was later occupied by F.B. Rogers Silver Company. In May–June 2009, the site was demolished, except for the northernmost building of the complex.</p><br>
<p>The Weir Stove Company was originally located on the west side of West Water Street, but expanded to this site in 1902. The company was later known as the Glenwood Stove Company. The company produced a stove called the "Glenwood Range", and contributed to the city&#39;s prominence as a leading center of stove manufacturing. The buildings were built using fairly typical period mill construction and styling, with load-bearing brick walls, low-pitch gable roofs, and arched paired windows. The complex was the largest and most impressive in the Weir Village area.</p><br>
<p>The Israel Picard House is a historic house located at 690 County Street in Fall River, Massachusetts.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>It is a two-story structure, built out of pink Fall River granite, which is partly obscured by the elaborate wooden Queen Anne porch that wraps around the front and parts of the sides. The house was built in 1897 for Israel Picard, owner of the quarry which provided the stone, and it may have served in part as an advertisement for his products.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on February 16, 1983.</p><br>
<p>The Alfred Paull House is a historic house located at 467 Weir Street in Taunton, Massachusetts.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>It is a two-story, wood-framed structure, roughly square in shape, with a tall bell-cast mansard roof. A porch extends across the front and around to one side, with chamfered posts and a decorative valance with curved pendant brackets. Similar brackets adorn the main roof cornice. The house was built in about 1860 by Alfred Paull, who was, along with his brother James, a leading developer of the area. It is one of the city&#39;s most ornate Second Empire houses.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on July 5, 1984.</p><br>
<p>The Peck–Bowen House is a historic house located at 330 Fairview Avenue in Rehoboth, Massachusetts.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>It is a modest -story, Cape style cottage, five bays wide, with a side gable roof and central chimney. An ell, added around 1910, extends to the rear. The interior retains original features, including beaded chair rails and fireplace mantels. The house was built c. 1770–80, although its early ownership is uncertain. It may have belonged to members of the Peck family who operated an iron forge and grist mill nearby.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on June 6, 1983.</p><br>
<p>The James Perry House is a historic house at 121 Perryville Road in Rehoboth, Massachusetts. This -story cottage was built c. 1860 by James Perry, a wealthy manufacturer, and is one of Rehoboth&#39;s finest Italianate houses. Its center entry is flanked by sidelight windows and pilasters, topped by a narrow entablature. The eaves are bracketed and modillioned, and there are round-arch windows in the gables. The land on which it was built belonged to members of the Perry family from 1831, and overlooked a mill operated by the family.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>The Osborn Street School is a historic school building located at 160 Osborn Street in Fall River, Massachusetts. It was built in 1893, to replace an earlier schoolhouse on the same site. It also briefly served as the city&#39;s normal school for training new teachers before it was moved to the William S. Greene School.</p><br>
<p>The school was one of nine new grammar schools built in the city during the 1890s. It was designed by Frank Irving Cooper, who also designed the similar Coughlin School, along with many other schools throughout New England. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>The Osborn Street School was one of about a dozen elementary schools closed in June 2008 by the city. Students were transferred to the newly built Carlton M. Vivieros Elementary School.</p><br>
<p>The Osborn House is a historic house at 456 Rock Street in Fall River, Massachusetts, built in the Greek Revival style.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The house was designed by Rhode Island architect Russell Warren for Joseph Durfee in 1843. Four years after the house was built, Joseph Durfee died, and the house was then occupied by his daughter Elizabeth who had married William Carr in 1848. In 1880 the Carr&#39;s daughter Delia married James Osborn. The house remained in the Osborn family until 1951 when it was given to the Presbyterian Church, next door.</p><br>
<p>The church sold the house in 1977 to Federico Santi & John Gacher who restored the house and had it placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>They sold the house in 1985.</p><br>
<p>Today, the house is occupied by several offices, and is commonly known as the Carr-Osborn House.</p><br>
<p>The Old Town Historic District is a historic district in North Attleborough, Massachusetts, which encompasses the historic early town center of Attleboro, which it was originally a part of. It was here that Attleboro&#39;s first church was built, and its militia training ground was laid out. The district retains 18th-century vestiges of this early history, and was largely bypassed by 19th-century industrialization. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>In 1661 representatives of the Plymouth Colony purchased a large tract of land from the Wampanoags that includes present-day Attleboro and North Attleborough. By the 1690s the area had enough settlers to warrant incorporation, and Attleboro was incorporated in 1694. Land in the Old Town area was allocated for a church and minister, and the first church was built adjacent to the Bay Path (now Old Post Road) in 1711. A militia training ground and animal pound were also established nearby. A path, now Mt. Hope Street, eventually developed leading eastward toward what is now Attleboro center, another nexus of settlement. The Newell family became significant landowners in Old Town, and it through their efforts that the surviving powder magazine, a small circular brick building, was built in 1768. (The training ground, of which only archaeological remnants remain, lay between it and the Bay Path.)</p><br>
<p>The historic district encompasses the core of this early settlement area. It extends along Old Post Road, southeast of the junction of I-295 to Allen Street, as well as a short stretch of Mt. Hope Street east of Old Post Road. Its buildings include a variety of structures, most residential, that were built between the 18th and early 20th centuries. The area was largely bypassed by the industrialization that spurred the growth in importance of the centers of Attleboro and North Attleborough. Three houses within the district were built before 1800, one of them (the Stearns House at 692 Old Post Road) with a late 17th-century ell. The present church is a Greek Revival structure built in 1828, with a district school nearby that dates to 1840. A significant number of houses were built in the late 19th and early 20th century, when a streetcar line spurred suburban development in the area.</p><br>
<p>The D. E. Makepeace Company is a historic industrial building at 46 Pine Street in Attleboro, Massachusetts. Built in 1899-1900, it is one of the citys best examples of a jewelry factory building of the period. The Makepeace Company was a major contributor to the citys reputation at the turn of the 20th century as America&#39;s jewelry capital. The building, now converted to residences, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The former Makepeace Company plant is located on the east side of downtown Attleboro, occupying the western half of a block bounded by Park Avenue and Pine, Dunham and Gardner Streets. It is a large U-shaped wood frame structure, three stories in height, with a flat roof. Bands of sash windows line each level, with entrances in the U and on the outside near the corner of Pine and Dunham Streets. The northern and southern legs of the U are of heavy timber construction, while the connecting eastern section is of concrete block construction with a brick exterior. Projecting into the central courtyard from the southern wing is the factory&#39;s original boiler house.</p><br>
<p>The D.E. Makepeace Company was founded by David E. Makepeace in 1885, with original facilities in Providence, Rhode Island. Makepeace moved the firm to Attleboro in 1888, leasing space in other buildings prior to construction of this building&#39;s south wing in 1899-1900. The north wing was added c. 1903, as a virtual duplicate of the first part. The connecting section was added in 1915. Makepeace was one of the leading employers in the city during its heyday as a leading jewelry manufacturing center. It specialized in plating precious metals as a preliminary step for other firms, which used their products to produce finished works for retail sale. Makepeace moved its operations to Plainville in 1979; this building was converted into residences in 1984.</p><br>
<p>The Theodore L. Marvel House is a historic house located at 188 Berkley Street in Taunton, Massachusetts. It was built in 1883 in a shingle style and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>The irregularly-shaped house features a hipped gable roof and varied wall surface of fieldstone and shingles. Among its most dominant elements are its boldly-arched fieldstone porch, varied fenestration, and connected Shingle Style barn, with sweeping roof, eyebrow windows and large arched entrance, constructed of fieldstone. It is sited on a large landscaped estate.</p><br>
<p>Massasoit Fire House No. 5 is a historic former fire station located in Fall River, Massachusetts.</p><br>
<p>The building was designed by Boston architects Hartwell & Swasey and was built in 1873. This same firm also designed several other extant fire stations in Fall River during this period, including the Quequechan No. 1, Anawan No. 6 and Pocasset Firehouse No. 7. The building was originally designed to also contain a police station.</p><br>
<p>The firehouse was built to serve the Globe Village section of the city. It has since been replaced by the Globe/Kosior Fire Station on Globe Street.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. It now contains residential apartments.</p><br>
<p>The George Dean House is a historic house located at 135 Winthrop Street in Taunton, Massachusetts.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The house was built in 1871 in the Italianate style. The -story, gable front house originally contained clapboard siding with decorative window trims and a large wraparound porch with detailed wood posts. The attic also had two semi-round windows under the front gable.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 5, 1984. However, since that time, the house has been covered with vinyl siding and the original windows and decorative wood trim has been removed. The large porch has also been altered.</p><br>
<p>The William C. Davol Jr. House is a historic house located at 252 High Street in Fall River, Massachusetts.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>It was built in 1876 for William C. Davol Jr., treasurer of the Davol Mills. The house was designed by Boston architects Hartwell & Swasey, whose works included numerous other public buildings and private homes in Fall River during this period.</p><br>
<p>The house has the characteristics of asymmetrical massing and irregular silhouette of Stick/Eastlake architecture and retains its peaked entrance porch, original carved double-leaved entrance doors, stained glass window, slate roof and copper coping and finials. The interior is richly embellished with Minton tiles and Eastlakian trim and sports an original water-power elevator.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. It is also located within the Lower Highlands Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The Colony Historic District is a historic district at Gardner&#39;s Neck and Mattapoisett Roads at Mt. Hope Bay in Swansea, Massachusetts. It includes seven summer cottages, most of which line Mattapoisett Road, which were built mainly between 1896 and 1930. Architecturally, these cottages are all in Shingle or Colonial Revival, and are representative of the summer resort development of Swansea around the turn of the 20th century.</p><br>
<p>The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<p>The Boguslavsky Triple-Deckers is a group of six historic triple-decker tenement houses at 53-87 Albion Street in Fall River, Massachusetts. They were built in 1916 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>The houses were constructed for David Boguslavsky, a by Athanase Dussault, a local carpenter. They are representative of one of the dominant housing type built in the city during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Since the 1983 listing, the buildings&#39; wood shingles have been covered with vinyl siding and the front porches and decorative wood details have been removed.</p><br>
<p>The Attleborough Falls Gasholder Building is a historic industrial building at 380 Elm Street in North Attleborough, Massachusetts. It is a rare surviving example  of a mid-19th century gasholder house. The brick structure originally housed a tank in which coal gas was stored. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The gasholder building is located at the northwest corner of Elm and Mount Hope Streets, in central eastern North Attleborough. It is a round building about 35 ft in diameter and 32 ft in height, including its conical slate roof and cupola-like top. A hip-roofed entry section projects from the structure facing the intersection. The structure is built out of brick laid in common bond, with finely detailed corbelling and pilasters. The structure originally housed a tank in which gas created by a coal gasification process was stored.</p><br>
<p>The North Attleborough Gas Company was established in 1855. Its Attleboro Falls plant was expanded in 1874, and this structure was built in 1882 as the third in town to store gas in order to meet increased demand. Adjacent to it was a coal-processing facility at which the fuel was produced. After a series of acquisitions, the assets of the company became part of the Vermont Light Company in 1940. Roy Underhill, a gas company employee, purchased the building in that year, and was responsible for saving it from destruction by developers. It remains in private hands, with preservation restrictions.</p><br>
<p>The Attleborough Falls Historic District is a predominantly residential historic district on Mt. Hope and Towne Streets in North Attleborough, Massachusetts. Located just south of the Ten Mile River, it encompasses a stylish mid-to-late 19th century residential area that developed in a previously rural area due to industrial development across the river. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Attleborough Falls is located in central North Attleborough, a community in northern Bristol County northeast of Pawtucket, Rhode Island. Beginning in the early 19th century, the area began to industrialize, with the jewelry-making industry as its major economic force. Factories were built on the north side of the Ten Mile River, between it and Commonwealth Avenue, and the area to its south was developed beginning in the 1850s as a residential area for people associated with those industries, and later with those reachable by public transportation available on Commonwealth Avenue.</p><br>
<p>The historic district is roughly triangular in shape, bounded on the north by the Ten Mile River, the west by Mount Hope Street, and the southeast by Towne Street. Both of these roads date to the rural beginnings of the area. A few former farmhouses predate the period of industrialization, two of them Federal period houses dating to about 1790. Mt. Hope Street has a fair number of Greek Revival and Italianate houses dating to the 1850s, the first period of residential development associated with the industries across the river. These were joined in the 1870s-90s by a large assortment of vernacular and high-style Victorian houses. The finest of the latter is probably the house of B. S. Freeman at 370 Mt. Hope Street: Freeman owned one of the jewelry factories, and built this elaborate Queen Anne house about 1890. The house of John F. Sturdy, another jewelry factory owner, stands at 110 Towne Street, and is a rambling Second Empire structure built c. 1870.</p><br>
<p>The Liberty Building is a historic building located in downtown Des Moines, Iowa, United States. It has been a downtown landmark since 1923. The Liberty Building is located at the SW corner of 6th Avenue and Grand Avenue in the heart of downtown Des Moines. The building was originally home to Bankers Life Insurance & WHO  Radio. Designed by the prominent Des Moines architectural firm of Proudfoot, Bird & Rawson, the 12-story building rises to a height of 174 ft.</p><br>
<p>The building consists of retail, office and residential spaces. In 2008, Nelson Construction and K.C. Holdings completely rehabilitated the building. Shiffler Associates Architects designed the remodel. There is office space available on floors 4,5, and 6, and storefront space on the 1st floor. The building currently houses a gym and fitness center on the 1st and 2nd floor and a bank on the second and third floors. It is connected to the Des Moines Skywalk system.</p><br>
<p>Currently, the Liberty building is housing Hyatt Place Hotel, designed by Slingshot Architecture, as well as condos on several floors. First Hospitality Group and Baker Group own the building. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.</p><br>
<p>The Edmee S. is a Chesapeake Bay log canoe. She was built in the Tilghman Island style from hewn logs by Oliver Duke in the 1930s. She is one of the last 22 Chesapeake Bay racing log canoes, and is actively raced with a crew of nine to eleven people. Her original name was Cecilia Mae, but was renamed for Edmee S. Combs, whose husband funded the restoration. The hull was covered with fiberglass during the restoration. She is owned by the Chesapeake Bay Maritime Museum in Saint Michaels, Maryland and currently skippered by Marshall Patterson.</p><br>
<p>Saint Michaels Mill  is a gristmill in Saint Michaels, Talbot County, Maryland first built in 1890 and expanded several times until the 1930s. Its chief product was "Just Right Flour".</p><br>
<p>It is located at 100 Chew Avenue. The building architect is Arthur K. Easter.</p><br>
<p>The mill is a good example of 19th century industrial architecture on Maryland&#39;s Eastern Shore. The milling equipment is original to the structure, mostly intact and still operative.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the USA National Register of Historical Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>The Cannonball House in Saint Michaels, Maryland, United States, is a historic house built in the early 19th century. The Federal style house is a side-hall double-parlor design on a corner lot, built for shipbuilder William Merchant. It is historically notable for an 1813 event in the War of 1812 in which the British fleet bombarded Saint Michaels, leaving a cannonball embedded in the house.</p><br>
<p>Cannonball House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>The Saint Michaels Historic District encompasses the historic center of Saint Michaels, Maryland. The town, which has about 1,000 permanent residents, is on a tributary to the Chesapeake Bay on the Eastern Shore of Maryland. After over 100 years as a center for trade and shipbuilding, the community was incorporated as a town in 1805. Shipbuilding peaked in 1820, and the town&#39;s economy became focused more on oyster and seafood collection and packing. In the 1970s, the town transitioned to tourism.</p><br>
<p>In the original 1986 nomination form, the Saint Michaels Historic District consisted of 362 buildings, sites, and structures. Sixty of the buildings were noncontributing. Many of the structures were originally constructed in the 19th century, and used the Federal, Gothic Revival, or Italianate architectural styles. The entire town has a 19th-century appearance, and much of the Historic District can be observed by walking. The homes that contribute to the Historic District are privately owned, but many have been converted into bed and breakfasts.</p><br>
<p>The Chesapeake Maritime Museum is located along the Miles River and St. Michaels Harbor, in the northeast corner of the Historic District and further north. It features Chesapeake Bay exhibits such as ship building and oystering. The small Saint Michaels Museum is located within the Historic District at Saint Mary&#39;s Square. It focuses on 19th century Saint Michaels, and conducts walking tours of the Historic District. Talbot Street (Maryland Route 33) is the major street in Saint Michaels, and runs north–south through the Historic District. The street is lined with shops and restaurants housed in 19th century buildings.</p><br>
<h2>Background</h2><br>
<p>Saint Michaels is a small nautical-themed town on Marylands Eastern Shore. It is situated along the Miles River, which leads to Chesapeake Bay. Boaters can get to the towns St. Michaels Harbor from nearby rivers or the Chesapeake Bay. Traveling by automobile from major cities such as Annapolis or Baltimore, the most direct route to the Eastern Shore involves crossing the bay using the Chesapeake Bay Bridge. Saint Michaels is part of Talbot County, and accessible by automobile via Maryland Route 33. In town, the road is known as Talbot Street and is the only road that passes through town. The town&#39;s Historic District is lined with shops and restaurants usually housed in well-preserved 19th century architecture. The Saint Michaels Historic District is located in the center of town, and was added to the National Register on September 11, 1986.</p><br>
<h3>Beginning</h3><br>
<p>The community that became Saint Michaels began in the mid-1600s as a trading post for tobacco farmers and trappers who took advantage of the deep–water port&#39;s access to the Chesapeake Bay. The Christ Episcopal Church of St Michael Archangel parish was founded during the 1600s, and built a church near the Saint Michaels River (later named Miles River) and Broad Creek. This was the first building erected in the area. The exact date the first church building was constructed is unknown. There is evidence it was built by at least 1672, and the structure had decayed enough that it was replaced in 1736.</p><br>
<p>A small village grew near the church and harbor, inhabited mostly by craftsman involved in building or refitting ships plus shopkeepers who catered to the needs of the craftsman and sailors. The village of about 100 people had no government other than the general laws of the province. As the place where people congregated, the church took on the additional role of a place to meet for business. The community&#39;s name, Saint Michaels, came from the church name. The harbor of Saint Michaels became a place large English vessels brought goods for trade.</p><br>
<h3>Town of Saint Michaels</h3><br>
<p>In 1778, British land agent James Braddock, working for Gildart and Gawith and Company of Liverpool (James Gildart and John Gawith), acquired much of the land near what became the town of Saint Michaels. Upon his death in 1802, his son Samuel continued the business.</p><br>
<p>Between 1804 and 1806 the village was re-surveyed and platted as three squares (or wards) plus the public square: Harrisons square at the north end, Thompsons square to the southwest, Braddocks square to the southeast end, and the public square known as Saint Marys square. Robert Dodson, John Dorgan, James Boid, and Thomas S. Haddaway were the town&#39;s original commissioners. Town boundaries were marked and streets were named. Among the names used were Cherry, Chestnut, Locust, Mill, Mulberry, Talbot, Water, and Willow.</p><br>
<h3>Clippers and war</h3><br>
<p>The Chesapeake Bay, with its access to Baltimore and Washington (via the Potomac River), was a major commercial waterway in the early 1800s—making it an obvious target for the British in their fight against the United States in the War of 1812. Clipper ships, which were fast but could not carry large amounts of cargo, were used for fighting and evading the British. It is thought that the design for Baltimore clippers had its beginning in Saint Michaels. Master builder Thomas Kemp left Saint Michaels in 1803 to start his own shipbuilding business in Baltimore. He purchased property at Baltimores Fells Point two years later, and worked in shipbuilding and repair. His most famous clipper was the Chasseur, which was launched in December 1812 and one of the fastest ships of its time. When an economic recession happened after the war, Kemp moved back to his Wades Point farm near Saint Michaels.</p><br>
<p>The town of Easton, county seat of Talbot County, was the largest town on Marylands Eastern Shore and contained one of Marylands four armories, making it a target for the British during the war. Boats and small vessels could use the Saint Michaels River to get within 3 mi of Easton. Saint Michaels, located on the mouth of the same river, was also a target because it was an outport for Easton and because of its shipbuilding. Local militia successfully defended the town in both cases.</p><br>
<h3>Ship building</h3><br>
<p>Ship building has been conducted in what became the town of St. Michaels since about 1670. The Harrisons, Haddaways, and Spencers, are all known to have had shipyards at or near St. Michaels in 1792. At the 1810 shipbuilding peak, John Davis, Impey Dawson, Thomas L. Haddaway, Skinner Harris, Joseph Kemp, and John Wrightson all had shipyards within St. Michaels. Colonel Perry Spencer, his brother Richard Spencer, William Harrison, and Thomas Hambleton had shipyards near the town with access to the St. Michaels River or Broad Creek (south of St. Michaels).</p><br>
<p>Prosperity declined sharply after 1820, and some of the shipbuilding moved to Baltimore. The end of the war with Great Britain and the depletion of lumber were the major reasons for the decline. Shipbuilding by that time was mostly for smaller craft, and was no longer the leading industry of Talbot County. Shipbuilding enjoyed a revival around 1840, and typically there were two shipyards in St. Michaels. At that time, steamships began to provide regular service between St. Michaels and Baltimore. Some of those packet boats were captained by members of the Dodson and Dawson families.</p><br>
<h3>Seafood</h3><br>
<p>After the 1820 decline of shipbuilding, the towns economy became more dependent on fishing and oystering. The construction of the Chesapeake & Delaware Canal at the northern end of the Chesapeake Bay opened new markets for oysters and seafood, causing a new prosperity for Saint Michaels starting around 1830. The towns population increased from 499 in 1840 to 1,471 by 1880. During that time, the oyster business grew beyond simply harvesting oysters. Businesses were now shucking (removing the oyster from its shell), packing and canning oysters. In 1901, the town had the J.E. Watkins Oyster House that conducted shucking, packing, and canning of oysters at Navy Point Pier. It also had George Caulks Oyster House on the St. Michaels River. Near the river and Mulberry Street was C.W. Willeys Oyster House.</p><br>
<p>In 1902, African Americans William Coulbourne and Frederick Jewett began a seafood packing house on Navy Point that operated until 1962. Originally, the company processed fish, but eventually it focused on crab and crab meat. Jewett&#39;s method of grading crab meat is still used in the industry today.</p><br>
<h3>Today</h3><br>
<p>Beginning in the 1970s, the community transformed itself to a focus on tourism. Its Chesapeake Bay Maritime Museum has approximately 95,000 visitors each year. The town is walkable and has numerous restaurants, bed and breakfasts, and shops. It has about 1,000 permanent residents. The Historic District has no traffic lights, no malls, and no major restaurant chains. The small Saint Michaels Museum at St. Marys Square is located within the Historic District at Saint Marys Square. Open on weekends, it focuses on 19th century Saint Michaels, and conducts walking tours of the Historic District every Saturday.</p><br>
<h2>List of structures</h2><br>
<p>In the original 1986 nomination form, the St. Michaels Historic District consisted of 362 buildings, sites, and structures. Sixty of the buildings were noncontributing. The district is described as "a cohesive group of residential, commercial, and ecclesiastical buildings dating from the late 18th through early 20th centuries located within St. Michaels, a small town fronting the Miles River in western Talbot County, Maryland."</p><br>
<p>The sortable table of the structures that are part of the historic district follows. If the year built is a range of years, the middle of the range is used. Since there are over 300 contributing structures, the list is incomplete. However, any structure mentioned in the original application to the National Register is in the list. Some additional structures, mentioned in walking tours, have been added. Three of the structures, by themselves, are listed in the National Register of Historic Places. The Old Inn was listed in 1980, the St. Michaels Mill in 1982, and the Cannonball House in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>People</h2><br>
<p>Auld–Hugh Auld Sr. fought with the Talbot County Militia during the Revolutionary War. His son, Hugh Auld Jr. was a lieutenant colonel with the 26th Maryland Militia during the War of 1812. His son, Thomas Auld (1795-1880) became a ship captain living in Talbot County, and had a brother named Hugh that was a shipbuilder living in Baltimore. Slave (and future prominent activist) Frederick Douglass spent time at both brothers&#39; households, but was legally owned by Thomas.</p><br>
<p>Banning–Captain Robert Banning commanded a St. Michaels company of cavalry during the War of 1812.</p><br>
<p>Benson—Samuel Perry Benson (1757-1827), known as Perry Benson, was a captain in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, and a Major General in the Maryland state militia during the War of 1812. He lived between St. Michaels and Easton near Oak Creek and the St. Michaels (now known as Miles) River.</p><br>
<p>Chaney– The Chaney brothers were free African Americans who were builders and owners of a house in St. Michaels around 1851.</p><br>
<p>Blades–Thomas W. Blades was postmaster of St. Michaels in 1856 and 1857. Levin Blades was foreman of William Harrison&#39;s shipyard around 1810. This shipyard built large sea-going vessels, and was one of the biggest in Talbot County.</p><br>
<p>Braddock–James Braddock, was an agent for James Gildart and John Gawith and Company, of Liverpool. James Braddock purchased Philip Wetheral&#39;s property in 1778, and began developing the area.</p><br>
<p>Bruff–Craftsman John Bruff Sr. (1740-1819) is listed as a wheelwright with a log shop in a 1783 tax assessment for St. Michaels. He was also a joiner. John Bruff Jr. (1774-1857), Thomas Bruff (1780-1857) was a ship&#39;s carpenter. William H. Bruff was a judge in 1872.</p><br>
<p>Coulborne–African-American William Coulbourne was a partner in the Coulbourne and Jewett Seafood Packing Company in St. Michaels. The company was one of Maryland&#39;s most successful minority-owned businesses, and at one time during the 20th century was the largest employer in St. Michaels.</p><br>
<p>Davis—John Davis ran a shipyard in St. Michaels around 1810.</p><br>
<p>Dawson–Impey Dawson owned Dawson&#39;s wharf, a shipyard in St. Michaels during the War of 1812.</p><br>
<p>Dodson—Robert Dodson (1762-1824) was a farmer and businessman that owned several vessels that had routes between Baltimore and St. Michaels. He was one of the first commissioners of St. Michaels, active in the War of 1812, and is buried in the Methodist Cemetery at St. Michaels. His eldest son is Captain William Dodson (1786-1833), who was in charge of his fathers packet schooners. His son, Captain Robert Auld Dodson (1808-1883) was also a sailor. He returned to St. Michaels after his fathers death and continued the packet boat business. He was present at the Baltimore riot of 1861, where he denounced the attack on Massachusetts troops and had his life threatened by the rioters. His brother, Edward Napoleon Dodson (1829-1899), was a steamboat captain. Robert A. Dodsons son, Richard Stearns Dodson (1838-1897), was also a sailor and captained his fathers schooner William K. Dodson. He gave up sailing for the hotel business in Baltimore, Pennsylvania, and then Norfolk. He also had property and businesses in St. Michaels, including the Saint Michaels and Miles River Steamboat Company. At one time, the Dodson family owned Navy Point along the harbor in St. Michaels. This section is now (2021) occupied by the Chesapeake Bay Maritime Museum and a waterside restaurant. Another son of Robert Auld Dodson was Henry Clay Dodson (1840-1914), who was a businessman and politician. He served as St. Michaels town commissioner and postmaster. He also served in the Maryland House of Delegates and Maryland Senate. The son of Richard Stearns Dodson, Richard Slicer Dodson, was a banker and served in the Maryland General Assembly.</p><br>
<p>Dorris–James Dooris (Dorris) was a St. Michaels merchant from Ireland. He was a member of the Democratic-Republican Party, and served in the Maryland Legislature.</p><br>
<p>Dorgan–Craftsman John Dorgan is listed as a blacksmith in a 1783 tax assessment for St. Michaels. Dorgan was involved in building as a ship-smith instead of a shipwright, and used others to construct his boats.</p><br>
<p>Douglass–Prominent activist Frederick Douglass (1818-1895) was a slave in St. Michaels from 1833 to 1836, returned to visit as a free man in 1877.</p><br>
<p>Dyott–Thomas Dyott was a storekeeper that lived by the water at Navy Point in 1861.</p><br>
<p>Easter–Arthur K. Easter built the St. Michaels Flour Mill around 1890.</p><br>
<p>Elliot—Edward Elliot is thought to have been the donor of the land used for the original Episcopal Church in St. Michaels.</p><br>
<p>Graham–Lieutenant John Graham (1778-1837) commanded at battery at Dawson&#39;s Wharf when the British attacked St. Michaels in 1813. The battery played an important role in preventing the British from entering the town.</p><br>
<p>Haddaway–Thomas S. Haddaway was one of the original commissioners of the town of St. Michaels. Thomas L. Haddaway operated a shipyard near Locust Street in St. Michaels in the late 1700s.</p><br>
<p>Hambleton—One of the earliest settlers in the St. Michaels area was William Hambleton, who emigrated from Scotland around 1659. Thomas Hambleton had a shipyard near St. Michaels around 1810, located near Hambleton&#39;s Island in Church Neck. Samuel N. Hambleton was awarded a medal for his service in the 1813 Battle of Lake Erie under the command of Master commandant Oliver Perry, and named his farm Perry Cabin in honor of his leader.</p><br>
<p>Harris—Skinner Harris ran a shipyard in St. Michaels around 1810.</p><br>
<p>Harrison—Thomas Harrison was a house carpenter who constructed his house on Green Street around 1798. His son, Samuel Harrison, moved a store to St. Michaels around 1810. He was also involved with making advances to ship builders of both money and supplies, owned a large mill. William Harrison of Mount Pleasant, Church Neck, built large sea-going vessels in his shipyard near St. Michaels.</p><br>
<p>Hope—Clifton Hope was president of the St. Michaels Bank during the early 20th century. He died in 1935.</p><br>
<p>Jewett—Frederick S. Jewett ran the Coulbourne and Jewett Seafood Packing Company, which was a successful African American business in the early 20th century. He established the packinghouse in 1902, and devised a crabmeat grading system still used today (2021). Although the firm originally packed oysters, it eventually specialized in crabmeat. Frederick Jewett&#39;s son, Elwood S. Jewett (1904-1977), took over the business in the 1940s. The company was sold during the 1960s when overharvesting caused may Chesapeake seafood packers to close.</p><br>
<p>Jones—Wrightson Jones was a shipbuilder at the time of the War of 1812, and had a shipyard on the southwest side of St. Michaels at Beverly on San Domingo Creek. When the British attacked St. Michaels in 1813, he manned an artillery piece that was part of a two-gun battery at a wharf in town. This battery, in combination with another, held off the British attackers. Jones died in 1834.</p><br>
<p>Kemp–Thomas Kemp (1779-1824) was a master shipbuilder who made most of his famous ships in Baltimore. It is thought that he learned his shipbuilding skills from Impey Dawson at his shipyard in St. Michaels. His sons were named Thomas H. Kemp and John W. Kemp. His brother, Joseph, was also a shipbuilder. Joseph Kemp had a shipyard in St. Michaels. Joseph Kemp died in 1828.</p><br>
<p>Kirby—Shipbuilder Thomas H. Kirby (1824-1915) apprenticed at Robert Lambdin&#39;s shipyard in St. Michaels. After working with George W. Lambdin in Baltimore during the Civil War, he returned to St. Michaels and began his own yard. In 1870 he moved his yard across the harbor to the former yard of Edward Willey, and purchased the site five years later after forming a partnership with vessel owner Frederick Lang. For 15 years, the yard was called Kirby & Lang. In 1890, Kirby bought out Lang and formed a partnership with two of his sons. The firm was called Thomas H. Kirby and Sons, and it was the last St. Michaels yard to build large wooden ships. The firm transitioned to maintenance and repair work, and produced smaller boats such as those used for gathering oysters.</p><br>
<p>Lambdin—Robert Lambdin (1799-1885) was a fourth-generation St. Michaels shipbuilder. Although his father died young, he apprenticed for his step-father shipbuilder John Graham. After working about 20 years in Baltimore, he returned to St. Michaels and operated a small yard near Mulberry Street for 45 years. He taught all five of his sons the shipbuilding trade. His eldest son, George Washington Lambdin (1832-1890) worked in Baltimore during the Civil War. He, along with brother William Adolphus Lambdin (1836-1903) became partners with their father in 1865. Another son, Robert Dawson Lambdin (1849-1938) began his apprenticeship in 1865. He left to work in the Washington Navy yard in 1869, and eventually returned to St. Michaels to build log canoes. The Lambdin yard closed in 1886.</p><br>
<p>Merchant—William Merchant owned the "Cannonball House" that was hit by a cannonball shot by the British during 1813.</p><br>
<p>Miller—Physician John Miller developed E. Chew Avenue and Marengo Street before that area became part of the town of St. Michaels.</p><br>
<p>Sears—Arianna Amanda Auld Sears (1826-1878) was a friend of Frederick Douglass. She knew Douglass while he was a slave belonging to her father, Thomas Auld. She married a coal merchant named John L. Sears in 1843. Arianna became an opponent of slavery, and became friends with Douglass after an 1857 reunion. William Sears</p><br>
<p>Seth—Alexander H. Seth was a Justice of the Peace for the state of Maryland representing Talbot County in 1874.</p><br>
<p>Sewell—Jeremiah Sewell was a waterman in St. Michaels around 1865.</p><br>
<p>Spencer—James S. Spencer (1667-1714) had a farm close to St. Michaels around 1670. Colonel Perry Spencer (1750-1822) had a shipyard in St. Michaels around 1810 that was one of the largest in town, and he also had a second yard on Broad Creek. His brother Richard Spencer was also a shipbuilder.</p><br>
<p>Thompson—John Thompson took control of James Braddocks land in 1783 after Mr. Braddocks death, and continued dividing the area that became St. Michaels into lots for sale.</p><br>
<p>Turner—Horace Turner was the black builder involved with building the Union United Methodist Church, and built his own house on Dodson Avenue around 1904.</p><br>
<p>Welby—Poet laureate of Maryland Amelia B. Coppuck Welby (1819-1852), was born in a house in St. Michaels. After she moved away, she became a poet who was praised by Edgar Allan Poe.</p><br>
<p>Wetheral—Captain Philip Wetheral operated a blacksmith shop and shipyard in St. Michaels. He died in 1774, and his property was later purchased by James Braddock who began developing what became the town of Saint Michaels.</p><br>
<p>Willey—Edward Willey (1814-1891) was a St. Michaels shipbuilder in the middle of the 19th century, and is credited with the 1840 revival of the industry in town.</p><br>
<p>Wrightson—John Wrightson had a shipyard in St. Michaels during the War of 1812.</p><br>
<p>The Albert Kahn Building, formerly New Center Building, is an office building located at 7430 Second Avenue in the New Center area of Detroit, Michigan completed in 1931. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>The New Center Building was built by the Fisher brothers (Frederick, Charles, William, Lawrence, Edward, Alfred and Howard) and designed by Albert Kahn. It is located diagonally across from the Fisher Building (also designed by Kahn and built by the Fishers). The ten-story building is architecturally similar to the Fisher Building, and the two are connected by an underground pedestrian tunnel. The building was originally designed to house office and retail space, but currently houses only offices. The building was renamed the Albert Kahn Building in 1988. From 1940 through 1980, part of the ground floor was occupied by Saks Fifth Avenue store number 4.</p><br>
<p>As in the Fisher Building, Kahn used high quality materials to construct the New Center Building, including polished marble lobby floors and brass elevator doors.</p><br>
<p>In June 2015, Southfield-based developer Redico LLC, in partnership with HFZ Capital Group of New York City and others purchased the Fisher Building and adjacent Albert Kahn Building, plus 2,000 parking spaces in two parking structures and three surface lots in New Center for $12.2 million at auction. Redico said the partnership plans to transition the two connected buildings into what it called a "true urban" mixed-use development, with a mix of office, retail, residential and entertainment uses. The multi-year project has a potential cost of $70 million to $80 million in addition to the purchase price.</p><br>
<p>In June 2018, A joint venture between Northern Equities, and Lutz Real Estate bought the Albert Kahn building for $9.5 million from The Platform. Redevelopment plans costing $58 million, will create 211 apartments, and more than 75,000 square feet of retail, and commercial space, scheduled for completion in mid-2020.</p><br>
<h2>Tenants</h2><br>
<p>Detroit Public Schools: 3rd Floor</p><br>
<p>Office of College & Career Readiness and Office of Fine Arts</p><br>
<p>Office of Fine Arts</p><br>
<p>Office of Health, Physical Education and Safety</p><br>
<p>Detroit Windsor Dance Academy</p><br>
<p>The Fisher Building and the New Center Building are two office buildings located adjacent to one another at 7430 2nd Avenue and 3011 West Grand Boulevard in the New Center area of Detroit, Michigan. They share a 1980 listing on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Fisher Building</h2><br>
<p>The Fisher Building is a 30-story office building designed by Albert Kahn. It was built in 1928, constructed primarily of limestone, granite, and marble. It was designated a National Historic Landmark on June 29, 1989, has been nicknamed Detroits largest art object. The building was to house the automotive company Fisher Body of the Fisher brothers (Frederick, Charles, William, Lawrence, Edward, Alfred and Howard), and is widely considered Kahns greatest achievement. The year of its construction, the Fisher building was honored by the Architectural League of New York as the year&#39;s most beautiful commercial structure. The opulent three-story barrel vaulted lobby is constructed with 40 different kinds of marble, decorated by Hungarian artist Géza Maróti, and is highly regarded by architects.</p><br>
<h2>New Center Building</h2><br>
<p>The New Center Building was also designed by Kahn and built by the Fisher brothers. The ten-story building is architecturally similar to the Fisher Building, and the two are connected by a tunnel. The building was originally designed to house office and retail space, but as of 2004 houses only offices, including those of Albert Kahn and Associates. The building was renamed the Albert Kahn Building in 1988.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>The Fisher Building was built in 1927–1928; the New Center Building followed in 1930–31. The two buildings are the only structures built by the Fishers in the New Center; although more buildings were planned, the Great Depression and World War II intervened. However, the Fisher and New Center Buildings as a pair are an architecturally significant complex demonstrating some of the finest craftsmanship and artistry in Art Deco style buildings. The two buildings were added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 14, 1980; the Fisher Building was designated a National Historic Landmark on June 29, 1989.</p><br>
<p>The Debtors Prison is a historic debtors prison in Accomac, Virginia. Constructed in 1783 as a house for the Accomack County jailer, it is the oldest public structure in the county. The prison was added to the Virginia Landmarks Register and the National Register of Historic Places in 1976; along with structures in Worsham and Tappahannock, both in Virginia as well, it is one of only three debtors&#39; prisons in the country on the National Register.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The structure that stands today in central Accomac, not far from the Accomack County Courthouse, is the last survivor of a complex which initially included both a jail and a jailyard. In 1775 the Accomack County court ordered a committee to "plan and lay off a</p><br>
<p>Draught for a new prison for this County." Construction was completed on the building itself in 1782, in which year an inspection committee approved of it, but recommended "that a suitable wall made of Brick around</p><br>
<p>the Gaol at a convenient distance is absolutely necessary and that there ought to be a small house built at the public expense in one corner and adjoining the said wall for the residence of the jailor, without which we are of opinion that the prisoners cannot be kept in perfect security.</p><br>
<p>By the first decades of the nineteenth century the jailers house was already sorely in need of repair, and consequently the county began to study the possibility of finding an alternative use for the property. At around the same time a state law had been passed requiring provision of separate facilities for debtors and felons. Thus, in 1824 a committee that was set up by the county court reminded that body that the law did not actually require the county to provide quarters for a jailer; furthermore, such an arrangement was highly unusual, if not unheard-of, in any other county in Virginia. Consequently, it was recommended that the house be reappropriated and reconfigured to serve as a debtors prison, especially as it was thought that the proximity of the jailors house to the jail posed a security risk. The committee held that little work needed to be done to convert the jail to its new purpose, saying "that iron bars to the windows of inch iron and oak Batton doors to be hung outside, is all that is necessary to be done to the said house, to answer the purposes intended, because it is believed that debtors have no inducement to brake prison, the Law authorizes them with little trouble to discharge themselves whenever they wish so to do. and the house served in its new capacity until 1849, The Accomac debtors prison was surveyed by the Historic American Buildings Survey between 1958 and 1961, when it was found to be in good condition; the formal report was placed on file in 1961. The building is open by appointment.</p><br>
<h2>Design</h2><br>
<p>Physically, the debtors prison is a small building, measuring 18 by 30; it is one story in height, three bays in length, and constructed of Flemish bond brick with glazed headers. Originally, the house formed the southwest corner of a 70-foot-square jailyard, and a small portion of the yards original brick wall can still be seen projecting from the northeast corner of the building. A scar left by another portion of the same wall still exists on the northwest corner of the façade. Both ends, and the south façade of the house, are fitted with a two-course stepped water table; none is employed on the front wall, which at one time faced onto the jailyard. At the east end of the house is an exterior end chimney, while the west end has an interior one. Today the window openings, which do not have shutters, are equipped with modern nine-over-nine sash, but they retain certain trappings of the buildings conversion in 1824, including the iron lattice covering; also dating to the same time are the structures heavy batten doors. Two windows, one at the east end and one on the south façade, were bricked up in the twentieth century. The same century saw the addition of a box cornice and slate roof to the house. Only one outbuilding, a small wooden shed, was documented on the property by HABS.</p><br>
<p>The interior plan of the house is typical of a small hall-and-parlor dwelling of its era, containing two rooms on the main level and a further two in the attic. The east room is the larger of the two on the main floor; in its southeast corner is an enclosed staircase which rises to the garrett. The fireplace is treated with plain boards, which have been lapped in a way that is meant to recall a crossett surround; similar treatment of the chimneybreast can be found in the west room, which is otherwise unembellished. A framed partition separates the two rooms, and is covered on both sides with horizontal beaded sheathing. The whole interior is fitted with diagonal board doors. The HABS investigation found that some refitting and redesigning of the interior rooms had taken place, but that finding out what changes were involved would have required significant removal of interior fittings; in addition, there was much evidence of repair, but little of outright alteration.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>The Accomac debtors&#39; prison is significant for a number of reasons; chief among them is that it is the oldest municipal building still standing in Accomack County. In addition, it is a rare survivor of its type, and well illustrates the typical eighteenth-century penal building once common in Virginia.</p><br>
<h2>Bibliography</h2><br>
<p>Heite, Edward E., "Excavation of the Accomack Jailyard Wall," Quarterly Bulletin of the Archaeological Society of Virginia, 26 (1972).</p><br>
<p>Whitelaw, Ralph T., "Accomack County Debtors&#39; Prison," 1946, ms. in possession of Drummondtown Branch of the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities</p><br>
<p>The Debtors Prison is a historic debtors prison building located in Worsham, Virginia. Constructed in 1787, it is one of three such prisons, all listed on the National Register of Historic Places, remaining in Virginia; the other two are in Accomac and Tappahannock. Of the three, only the one in Worsham was constructed of wood. It is the oldest surviving public building in Prince Edward County, and dates to the time when Worsham was the county seat.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Worsham served as the county seat of Prince Edward County between 1754 and 1872; the debtors&#39; prison was built there in 1787 to provide delinquents with separate quarters from other prisoners. Construction of the "gaol for debtors" was actually authorized in 1786; two local men, Thomas Scott and Charles Allen, were directed to allow bids. One Richard Bibb appears to have been hired to build the prison, as he was paid fifty-two pounds for its construction once the completed structure was viewed and received.</p><br>
<p>Virginia abolished the imprisonment of debtors as a method of punishment in 1849; accordingly, at some point, possibly as early as 1820, the prison building was converted into a residence. Numerous alterations to the structure were carried out as part of the conversion, although many would be removed during 20th century renovations.</p><br>
<p>Little is recorded about the history of the jail once it became a house, although it is known to have been owned for a time by a family called Burke. They deeded it to one E. L. Dupuy in 1908, and it remained with his family until being purchased by Preservation Virginia (formerly known as the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities) in 1950. They carried out renovations on the building in 1951.</p><br>
<p>After the Prince Edward Branch of Preservation Virginia dissolved in the 1970s, the building became property of Prince Edward County.</p><br>
<h2>Design</h2><br>
<p>The Worsham Debtors Prison is a small log structure measuring 14 by 18&#39;; it has been described as having "the solid appearance of a building constructed with security in mind". It consists of a single room, with an unused attic area above. The logs used to build the walls are square-hewn and closely fitted, without chinking. These are held together with half-dovetailed joins at the corners. Similar, heavy logs, set closely together, were used in the construction of the floor and ceiling. Those in the ceiling extend about a foot past the front and back walls, thus forming a slight roof overhang. The roof is lighter, of frame construction. The foundation of the building is low and made of sandstone rubble; a chimney, made of brick, is located on the interior end.</p><br>
<p>Entrance into the prison building is through a pair of doors located in the center of the front wall. The outer of the two might possibly be a replacement; the inner one, with vertical beaded boards and horizontal braces, appears to be a product of the eighteenth century. The door is flanked by two small square windows, both unglazed; the southern one is only a conjectural restoration, based on the surviving northern window. The remains of three vertical iron bars were found in this opening, and they have served as a pattern for some of the restoration work. There is a small opening in the back wall of the jail that appears to have been used as a latrine slot.</p><br>
<p>Several additions to the jail were constructed upon its conversion to a private residence. Among these was a lean-to appended to the back wall. In addition a larger window was cut for the front wall, and another opening was cut into the ceiling to provide entry into the attic. Most of these additions were removed during Preservation Virginia&#39;s restoration of the building in 1951. The roof, initially of tin, was replaced by wooden shingles. All of the beaded siding was removed save for that under the gables. The age of this siding is not known, although it is believed to have dated to before the American Civil War, and might have been of eighteenth-century vintage. Further restorations were scheduled to have been carried out by Preservation Virginia later in the 1970s.</p><br>
<p>A more substantial prison building, made of stone, was erected just north of the old debtors&#39; prison sometime around 1855. This structure had fallen in by the mid-1950s, when the walls were dismantled. A heavy iron door and a window grate from the newer building were saved at its demolition, and have since been erected just outside the old jail.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>The Worsham Debtors Prison is a rare relic of 18th century Virginia, being one of the few log public buildings erected at that time to have survived to the present day; it is also the oldest remaining public building in Prince Edward County. The quality of the buildings construction is also of note.</p><br>
<h2>Bibliography</h2><br>
<p>Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities, "Report on Archaeological Exploration in Conjunction with the Superstructure of the Old Debtors&#39; Prison For Prince Edward Co. at Worsham, Virginia," Umpubl. ms., 1954. (Copy on file at VHLC)</p><br>
<p>Prince Edward County Records, order book 8: 187 & 328.</p><br>
<p>The Debtors Prison in Tappahannock, Virginia, is a historic debtors prison dating back to the 18th century. Constructed sometime before 1769, it is one of three such structures remaining in Virginia, along with those in Accomac and Worsham. In the early 19th century, the practice of imprisoning debtors was abolished, marking a significant shift in societal attitudes towards debt and punishment. By 1820, the former prison had undergone a transformation, being repurposed into a residential space. The prison building is a contributing structure to the Tappahannock Historic District, and as such was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The exact date of construction for the old debtors prison is not known, but a court order from 1769 shows it as being surrounded by "prison bounds", indicating that the structure had most likely already been built and was in use by that date. Its existence is noted in another court order, dating to 1809, that separated criminal and debtor prison populations into different facilities. A town plat drawn up in 1850 shows it at its present location, on the courthouse green, along with four other jails. Little else is known about its history, save that it was most likely converted to other uses when the state of Virginia abandoned the use of imprisonment as a punishment for debt in 1849. Unlike similar buildings elsewhere in Virginia, the jail is still owned by the county government, which currently uses it as the county treasurers office.</p><br>
<h2>Design</h2><br>
<p>The prison building is simple in design, being made of Flemish bond brick and having three bays in front. The entry door is at the center of the front face of the structure, and has a well-worn sandstone sill at its foot. There is a more modern addition on the rear of the building. The prison&#39;s floor plan is almost square, and it is one-and-one-half stories tall.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>The Debtors Prison is part of a compact block of historic structures, located in central Tappahannock and bounded by Church Lane, Queens Street, Cross Street, and Prince Street, which together trace the towns political and maritime history. With the Old Clerks Office, the Old Essex County Courthouse, and the New Essex County Courthouse, it forms the town&#39;s "most convincing case for architectural history". The four also serve to show the marked similarity of design often seen in county court facilities in the area.</p><br>
<p>The Levi Heywood Memorial Library Building is an historic library building at 28 Pearl Street in Gardner, Massachusetts. Completed in 1886, it is one of the citys most architecturally distinguished buildings, and a good example of Richardsonian Romanesque design. It was given in honor of Levi Heywood, a prominent figure in the citys economically important chair manufacturing industry. It was used as a library until 1978, and now houses a museum dedicated to the city&#39;s history. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979, and included in the Gardner Uptown Historic District in 1999.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Levi Heywood Memorial Library Building stands amid a cluster of civic and religious buildings in the historic civic center of Gardner, located east of its commercial downtown on the south side of Pearl Street. It is a 1-1/2 story masonry structure, built out of red brick with brownstone and terra cotta trim, and covered by a slate roof. Its main roof has a parapeted gable on the right end, and a polygonal bay with hip roof on the left. A large gabled pavilion projects to the front, with an arched porch sheltering the main entrance projecting further. Windows are set in round-arch openings with brownstone trim, and terra cotta panels adorn parts of the front facade.</p><br>
<p>Gardners library was established in 1841, but had no permanent home prior to construction of this building. It was built in 1885-86 to a design by Fuller & Delano, a prominent architectural firm in Worcester. It was named for Levi Heywood, grandson of one of Gardners founders, and an influential figure in the rise of the chair manufacturing industry that came to dominate Gardners economy. Its operations were originally funded by an endowment given by the Heywoods, but eventually came to need municipal funding. It remained in use as the citys public library until 1978. A new facility was opened on West Lynde Street in 1998. The building now houses the local history museum.</p><br>
<p>Camp Muir, named for the naturalist John Muir, is a high-altitude refuge for climbers in Mount Rainier National Park in Washington, accessed through the Paradise Entrance. The shelters comprising the camp are situated at a 10,188 ft elevation between the Muir Snowfield and the Cowlitz Glacier on Mount Rainier. Camp Muir is the most-used high camp for those attempting to climb to the mountain&#39;s summit. Camp Muir is between the Nisqually and Paradise Glaciers.</p><br>
<p>The larger "public" shelter hut was built in 1921 to plans supervised by Daniel Ray Hull of the National Park Service. The 12 ft by 25 ft single-story one-room shelter was initially constructed of dry-laid stone. It replaced a smaller shelter which was used as a shelter for climbing guides. A dedication plaque at the entrance to the large shelter plaque reads "Erected in memory of John Muir, 1921." The guide shelter was built in 1916 by a climbing organization, the Mountaineers. It was designed by Seattle architect Carl F. Gould, a member of the Mountaineers and was approved by Park Service director Stephen T. Mather. The single-story guide shelter measures about 10 ft by 24 ft, and is the oldest stone structure in the park. Two stone pit toilets were built at Camp Muir in 1936 by the Civilian Conservation Corps, one of which survives and is used for storage.</p><br>
<p>There are 12 approaches to the summit from Paradise. Camp Muir provides 7 of those. Of the 7, 4 are grade II, 2 are grade III, and 1 is grade II-III.</p><br>
<p>Camp Muir was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on March 13, 1991. It is part of the Mount Rainier National Historic Landmark District, which encompasses the entire park and which recognizes the park&#39;s inventory of Park Service-designed rustic architecture.</p><br>
<h2>Climate</h2><br>
<p>The Tom Thumb House is a historic house in Middleborough, Massachusetts. The 2 story wood-frame house was built in the 1870s as a summer home for the dwarf entertainer Charles Stratton, best known by his stage name, General Tom Thumb. It has Second Empire architecture, including a mansard roof, paired brackets in the cornice, and paired columns supporting the porch. The interior was built to meet the needs of the 3 ft Stratton and his wife Lavinia, who was also a proportionate dwarf  however, few of its miniaturized features have survived.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.</p><br>
<p>The Pembroke Friends Meetinghouse is a historic Quaker church at Washington Street and Schoosett Street in Pembroke, Plymouth County, Massachusetts.</p><br>
<p>The meeting house was built in 1706 by Robert Barker with later 19th-century additions. It is one of the oldest Quaker meetinghouses in the United States. This meetinghouse was used by local Quakers from 1706 until 1876 when the meetinghouse was closed and its members transferred to meetings in either Sandwich or New Bedford. Today the Meetinghouse is owned by the Pembroke Historical Society and has seen occasional use by area Quakers.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.</p><br>
<p>Hillside is a historic house located at 230 Summer Street in Plymouth, Massachusetts.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The -story wood-frame house was built in 1845, and was designed in the Gothic Revival style. It was the site at which Benjamin Watson established one of the nation&#39;s first garden nurseries, the "Old Colony Gardens". Also Ralph Waldo Emerson stayed the night here before marrying Plymouth native Lydia Jackson.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 18, 1975.</p><br>
<p>The East Rochester Church and Cemetery Historic District is a historic district at 355 County Road in Rochester, Massachusetts. It encompasses the East Rochester Church building, now owned by the local historical society, and the adjacent cemetery. The church was built in 1857 for a Methodist congregation founded in 1854, and is a little-altered example of a Greek Revival church building; it was used for services until 2001, and given to the Rochester Historical Society in 2003. Also on the church property is a c. 1900 four-seat outhouse. The cemetery&#39;s oldest burial date to 1828.</p><br>
<p>The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.</p><br>
<p>North Rochester Congregational Church is a historic Congregational church at 247 North Avenue in Rochester, Massachusetts. Built in 1841 for a congregation established in 1790, it is a high quality example of Greek Revival architecture. The church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The North Rochester Congregational Church is located on the north side of North Avenue, a major east–west route across the northern part of the town. The setting is rural, with pockets of residential housing nearby. The church is a rectangular wood frame structure, stories in height, with a front-facing gable roof, clapboard siding, and a modern concrete foundation. The front (south-facing) facade is symmetrically arranged, with three bays articulated by Doric pilasters and a fully pedimented gable above an entablature that encircles the building. The outer bays are filled with tall, paired sash windows, with the main entrance in the center bay. The side facades have three windows similar to those on the front. The interior has a vestibule area at the rear, with stairs leading up to a gallery and down to the basement, and most of the building is taken up by the main hall. An L-shaped raised platform occupies the northern part of the space, with a combination of open and box pews on the main floor. The basement houses modern amenities, including bathrooms, a kitchen, and meeting space.</p><br>
<p>North Rochesters first church was built in 1748, about 1 mi west of the present building, and was served by traveling ministers from other communities. The church congregation was formally organized in 1790, and a new church was built at that time. The current church building was built in 1841 by Solomon K. Eaton, a noted regional builder whose credits include several other area churches. One of the congregations notable early 19th-century members was Marcus Morton, a three-time Governor of Massachusetts. The congregation, given its small numbers and rural character, frequently struggled financially, and stopped supporting a full-time minister in 1916. Although periodically revived, the congregation struggled throughout the 20th century, with no services held for a roughly twenty-year period in 1970. The building began to decay, and was invaded by raccoons. In 1990 it was again revived, and the building underwent a sensitive restoration that included moving it onto a new foundation. Its interior has had relatively minor alterations since its construction: notable alterations are a reduction in the number of box pews and the introduction of an organ and electrical fixtures.</p><br>
<p>The First Trinitarian Congregational Church is a historic Congregational church at 381 Country Way in Scituate, Massachusetts; it is associated with the United Church of Christ. The Classical Revival church building was constructed in 1826 after its congregation had left the First Parish Church of Scituate when it became Unitarian in theology. The church building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The First Trinitarian Congregational Church is located near the geographic center of Scituate, on the west side of Country Way, a historically important north-south route through the community. The main sanctuary is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, with a front facing gable roof, clapboard siding, and a granite foundation. Its front (east-facing) facade is symmetrically arranged, with Greek Revival pilasters at the corners and between the three bays. The entrance is in the central bay, topped by a round-arch louver and a Palladian window that has elaborate surrounding molding. The flanking bays have sash windows topped by similar louvers. The main gable is fully pedimented, with a narrow eyebrow lunette window at the center. The square tower rises above the ridge line, beginning with a plain section, above which is an open belfry with pilastered posts. This is topped by a smaller square section with narrow windows, with an octagonal spire at the very top. Attached to the sanctuary are a series of additions, resulting in a structure that has an overall U shape.</p><br>
<p>The origins of the church congregation lie in the 1634 establishment of the first church in what is now Scituate. Its early meetinghouses located nearer the coast, its fourth meetinghouse was built near the location of this one in 1737. This original congregation was divided in 1825 by the split between Trinitarian and Unitarian theology. Although the Unitarians retained the fifth meetinghouse, the Trinitarians insisted on retaining the moniker "First" as hewing more closely to the teachings of the 1630s congregation. They built this church in 1826, about 0.5 mi north of the fifth meetinghouse. Significant alterations to the original building since its construction include replacement of the original cupola with a spire, and a redesign of the front and gallery in the 1890s.</p><br>
<p>Whitman Park is a historic park near the center of the town of Whitman, Massachusetts. It is bounded by Maple Street and Park, Whitman, and Hayden Avenues. The park was established in 1880 by a gift of land from Augustus Whitman, whose family gave the town its name. The well-known Olmsted Brothers landscape firm was retained to design a public park on this land, which was implemented in 1900. This gave the park the basic layout of its paths, as well as its general appearance as a woodland park with open fields for passive recreation. Features that were part of the Olmsted design include a wading pool, concrete tennis court , bandstand, and a drinking fountain. The Olmsteds were retained again in 1931 to update the design, accounting for the addition in 1908 of the Civil War monument, and to deal with problematic drainage of water from the park&#39;s low-lying areas. The major intrusion on the Olmsted design has been the construction of a Little League ballfield in one corner.</p><br>
<p>The park was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<p>Tremont Nail Factory District is a historic district in Wareham, Massachusetts. It makes up the area occupied by the former Tremont Nail Company.</p><br>
<p>In the early 19th century, Parker Mills was constructed by shipwrights as a cotton mill. During the War of 1812, it was partially burned by the British. In 1819, another building was constructed on the site of the former mill by Isaac and Jared Pratt to manufacture nails. At this time, the Parker Mills Nail Company was born. The mill was partially destroyed by fire again in 1836. Reconstruction was completed in 1848, and the buildings have not changed much since.</p><br>
<p>The bell in the cupola in the original facility bears a date of 1851. The main mill is one of five buildings at the site over 100 years old. There are also 60 nail machines in the building, many over 125 years old. Until the 1920s, a water wheel powered the mill&#39;s overhead shafting.</p><br>
<p>The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<p>The Tobey Homestead was a historic farmhouse located at the crossroads of Main Street and Sandwich Road in Wareham, Massachusetts.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The -story wood-frame house, which occupied a prominent site in the town center in front of Tobey Hospital, was built c. 1825 and extensively remodeled c. 1870. The house followed a basic Federal-style plan, five bays wide and two deep. The 1870 alterations included adding the mansard roof with gable dormers, giving it a characteristic Second Empire appearance. A rear ell and left-side sun porch also date to this period. The Tobeys were a prominent local family who owned a local iron foundry and other businesses. The property was given to the town by bequest in 1938, for use as a hospital.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on June 5, 1986.</p><br>
<p>On August 26, 2019, Tobey Homestead was demolished to make way for an expansion of the Tobey Hospital Emergency Department.</p><br>
<p>The Bradford House, also known as the Major John Bradford Homestead, is a historic house at 50 Landing Road in Kingston, Massachusetts. The Jones River Village Historical Society owns the house, and operates it as a historic house museum. The oldest portion of this -story wood-frame house was built c. 1714; this was the western portion of the house, including what is now the central chimney. Documentary evidence suggests the building was expanded to its present width c. 1750. The house was restored to its 18th-century appearance in 1921 by George Francis Dow, around the time it was purchased by the Jones River Village Historical Society. The property includes an English barn that was moved to the site in 2002.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.</p><br>
<p>First Church of Christ, Congregational, or Old First Church, is a historic church at 50 Elm Street in Springfield, Massachusetts. Built in 1819, the present structure is the fourth church building on the site, and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972. The church is within the Court Square Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The First Church was organized in 1637, the year following Springfield&#39;s founding by Puritan iconoclast and businessman, William Pynchon. The first church building was built in 1645 by Thomas Cooper, on what is now the southeast corner of Court Square. It had two towers: one for the bell, and the other to watch for approaching Indians. It was replaced in 1677 by the second meeting house, and the third was built in 1752. The third one was, in turn, replaced by the current building in 1819.</p><br>
<p>Noted abolitionist Dr. Samuel Osgood was the pastor of the congregation from 1809 to 1854. It was during this time that the present building was visited by notable figures such as Daniel Webster and John Brown, who resided in Springfield for some time. In addition, Jenny Lind performed a concert in the church in July 1851, and in 1848, the body of President John Quincy Adams lay in state in the center aisle of the sanctuary.</p><br>
<h2>Present Use</h2><br>
<p>Because of maintenance costs and dwindling membership, the First Church disbanded in 2007, after 370 years in existence. The building was sold to the City of Springfield for $900,000. In 2011, the roof of the building was damaged by the June 1st tornado that tore through Western Massachusetts, and was repaired by the city using federal funds. The city currently rents the building to a local congregation, Wellspring Church, which holds its Sunday services there. The building is also rented out for weddings and other functions.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The church was designed by Isaac Damon (1781–1862), a noted Western Massachusetts architect from Northampton. During his career, he designed 13 churches, including the First Congregational Church of Blandford, Southwick Congregational Church, and the First Church of Northampton.</p><br>
<p>From 1908 until 1970, the height of the steeple on the Old First Church (125 feet) was used as a legal limit for heights of buildings in Springfield, as per the order of the Massachusetts State Legislature in 1908, (the one exception being the Springfield Municipal Group, dedicated in 1913 by President William Howard Taft.) Thus, in Springfield, one finds fewer skyscrapers than one does in most comparable United States cities, (e.g. Hartford, Connecticut and Providence, Rhode Island.)</p><br>
<p>The following paragraph, written by Springfield architect Eugene C. Gardner, illustrates the importance of the Old First Church to Springfield:</p><br>
<p>"As in the old New England towns, almost without exception, the first church erected was the point from which all things emanated, toward which all things tended, and around which everything revolved. It not only dominated the green turf in front, and the sometimes dreary burial ground behind, or at one side, but it set the pace for all other local affairs, social, political and educational as well as religious. It has not always happened, however, as here, that this ethical and business center has remained the visible aesthetic center. And although but a comparatively small part of our best architectural growth has been adjacent to Court square, and other churches have shared the burdens and responsibilities of directing our temporal as well as spiritual concerns, the characteristic, though by no means ornate, or altogether graceful, spire of the First church remains, as regards locality, the civic center of gravity."</p><br>
<h2>Ministers</h2><br>
<p>George Moxon: 1637–1652</p><br>
<p>Pelatiah Glover: 1660–1692</p><br>
<p>Daniel Brewer: 1694–1733</p><br>
<p>Robert Breck: 1736–1784</p><br>
<p>Bezaleel Howard: 1785–1809</p><br>
<p>Samuel Osgood: 1809–1854</p><br>
<p>Henry M. Parsons: 1854–1870</p><br>
<p>Edward A. Reed: 1871–1878</p><br>
<p>Edward Payson Terhune: 1879–1884</p><br>
<p>Michael Burnham: 1885–1894</p><br>
<p>Frank Lincoln Goodspeed: 1894–1908</p><br>
<p>Neil McPherson: Began in 1910</p><br>
<p>The First Congregational Church of Blandford  is a historic church building at 4 North Street in the center of Blandford, Massachusetts. Built in 1822, it is a prominent example of a Federal-style church, built by a leading regional proponent of the style, builder Isaac Damon. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. It is now managed by a local nonprofit as a special event venue.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture and history</h2><br>
<p>Blandford&#39;s White Church is located a short way northwest of the village center, at the top of a rise on the east side of North Street. It is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, with a gabled roof and clapboarded exterior. The main facade is five bays wide, with the center three set in a projecting section with a pedimented gable. The building corners are pilasters, as are the individual bays of the projection. The center bays each have an entrance on the ground floor, topped by half-round fanlight windows. The second-story windows are also topped by similar fanlights, both on the front and the sides. A multistage tower rises at the front of the building. Its first stage is square, with a belfry that has round-headed louvers framed by arched moulding. The second and third stages are octagonal, and of decreasing size, with engaged Ionic columns at the corners. These are topped by a convex and domed roof and weathervane.</p><br>
<p>The church was built in 1822 by local builder Isaac Damon, based on designs he had seen by Charles Bulfinch and Asher Benjamin. The church&#39;s pulpit was originally placed near the door, so that late arrivals would be seen by the congregation. During renovations this was reversed, placing the pulpit at the back of the building. In the 1990s the church was restored and acquired by the Blandford Historical Society.</p><br>
<p>First Congregational Church of East Longmeadow is a historic church in East Longmeadow, Massachusetts. Built in 1828, it is the oldest church building in East Longmeadow, and houses its oldest congregation. The church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. The congregation is affiliated with the United Church of Christ.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture and history</h2><br>
<p>The First Congregational Church is located in East Longmeadow&#39;s city center, on the south side of its central rotary on a triangular parcel bounded by Somers Road and Prospect Street. It is a single-story wood frame structure, with a gabled roof and clapboarded exterior. Its main facade has a central projecting entry, its three bays articulated by pilasters and topped by a fully pedimented gable. The three bays originally had entrances in each bay, but the outer two have been replaced by windows. The church tower has a square first stage, and octagonal belfry stage, and a cupola at the top.</p><br>
<p>The congregation was established in 1827, and the church was built the following year. It was originally located further up Somers Road, and was moved to its present location in 1859. At that time it also underwent some remodeling, adding stylistic details typical of the work of Charles Bulfinch. In addition to serving the congregation, the building was also used for town meetings until the construction of the town hall in 1882. The church interior was again remodeled in 1948, and in 1953 its basement was finished and the attached Fellowship Hall was built.</p><br>
<p>The Holden Center Historic District encompasses a significant portion of the historic village center of Holden, Massachusetts. When first listed on the National Register of Historic Places, the district included only nine buildings, including the 1836 town hall, the 1789 First Congregational Church, the 1835 First Baptist Church, and the 1880 Old Post Office, as well as the 1759 Old Burying Ground. The district was enlarged in 1995 to incorporate the historically significant residential portions of the village.</p><br>
